Super capacitor/ultra capacitor, also known as an electrochemical capacitor, double capacitor, gold capacitor, and farad capacitor, is an electrochemical element developed in the 1970s and 1980s to store energy through polarized electrolytes.
It is different from the traditional chemical power supply. It is a kind of power supply with special performance between traditional capacitors and batteries. It mainly relies on double layer and redox pseudocapacitive charge to store electric energy. However, there is no chemical reaction in the process of energy storage, which is reversible, and it is for this reason that Super capacitor/ultra capacitor can charge and discharge hundreds of thousands of times.
Some mature battery technologies, such as lithium-ion batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and lead-acid batteries, have been developed. Because of the chemical reactions during charging and discharging, their development is limited. Therefore, the improvement of battery performance mainly depends on the improvement of packaging technology and the enhancement of the preparation process. Super capacitor/ultra capacitor technology is still in its infancy and has a high potential for development. Compared with chemical batteries limited by the fixed structure of batteries, Super capacitor/ultra capacitor mainly relies on the physical properties of materials for energy storage. At the same time, compared with other mainstream batteries, Super capacitor/ultra capacitor still does not fully utilize the potential of surface energy storage and does not get rid of the "workshop" manufacturing mode and shortage of raw materials. However, as a capacitor with superior performance, Super capacitor/ultra capacitor has great development prospects.
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