The supercapacitor is a kind of electrode material made of carbon-based active material, conductive carbon black, and binder. The polarized electrolyte is used to adsorb the positive and negative ions in the electrolyte to form an electric double layer structure for energy storage. The energy storage process basically does not occur chemical reactions, so the cycle life is very long. The differences between supercapacitor and battery are as follows:
For batteries, for example, lead-acid batteries use lead plates filled with spongy lead as the negative electrode, lead plates filled with lead dioxide as the positive electrode, and 1.28% dilute sulfuric acid as the electrolyte. When charging, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, and when discharging, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. When the battery is discharged, the metallic lead is the negative electrode and undergoes an oxidation reaction and is oxidized to lead sulfate; the lead dioxide is the positive electrode and undergoes a reduction reaction and is reduced to lead sulfate. When the battery is charged with a direct current, lead and lead dioxide are generated at the two poles. After removing the power source, it returns to the state before discharge to form a chemical battery. Lead storage batteries are batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged, called secondary batteries.
The uses of the two are also different. Supercapacitors have a low energy density, but their excellent cycle performance, environmental protection, and high power make it widely used in backup power supplies, high frequency charging and discharging, high power output, and other occasions, while the battery energy density is high, but its own principle limits its lifespan, overcharge and overdischarge will cause irreversible trauma to it, and it is not environmentally friendly.
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