The utilization of solar energy ultimately comes down to solar energy utilization and sunlight utilization. Solar power generation is divided into photovoltaic power generation and photothermal power generation, among which photovoltaic power generation is the use of photovoltaic cells to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. Photovoltaic power generation is far stronger than CSP in terms of conversion efficiency, equipment cost and development prospects.
Since the advent of practical polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, the world has started the application of solar photovoltaic power generation.
At present, solar photovoltaic power generation systems have three development directions: independent operation, grid-connected and hybrid photovoltaic power generation systems. In the independent operation system, the energy storage unit is generally necessary, which can store the surplus electric energy generated by the sunshine for use when the sunshine is insufficient or there is no sunshine.
For the time being, the demand of the international photovoltaic energy industry has begun to develop from remote rural areas and special applications to the combination of grid-connected power generation and building power supply. Photovoltaic power generation has transitioned from supplementary energy to alternative energy. China's photovoltaic energy system is still mainly used in remote areas without electricity and urban street lights, lawn lights, garden lights, billboards and other independent photovoltaic power generation systems.
The energy storage system composed of battery packs can smooth out the fluctuation of electric energy caused by the fluctuation of solar light intensity, and can also compensate for the voltage dip or sudden rise in the power grid system. However, due to its limited number of charging and discharging times and the slow charging and discharging time of high current, the service life is short and the cost is high. Therefore, the use of super capacitor banks in the solar photovoltaic power generation system will make it more feasible for grid-connected power generation.
As the fastest growing renewable energy power generation technology, wind power generation has broad application prospects. However, wind energy is a randomly changing energy source, and changes in wind speed will cause fluctuations in the output power of wind turbines, which will have an impact on the power quality of the grid.
At present, the active power fluctuation of wind power mostly adopts the method of directly adjusting the operating state of the wind turbine to smooth its output power, but the power adjustment capability of this method is limited; the reactive power fluctuation is usually adjusted by the parallel static reactive power compensation device, but the reactive power compensation device cannot suppress the active power fluctuation.
With additional energy storage devices, it is possible to adjust reactive power, stabilize the bus voltage of the wind farm, and adjust active power within a wide range. The wind power research shows that the fluctuating power at 0.01Hz-1Hz has the greatest impact on the power quality of the power grid, and suppressing the fluctuation of wind power in this frequency band has the greatest impact on the power quality of the power grid. To suppress the fluctuation of wind power in this frequency band, it can be achieved by using energy storage for a short period of time. Therefore, the small-capacity energy storage device that can realize short-term energy storage has high application value to wind power generation.
Super capacitors can adapt to the large current fluctuations of wind energy due to their tens of thousands of charge-discharge cycle life and high-current charge-discharge characteristics. It absorbs energy during the day when the sun is shining or the wind is strong, and discharges it at night or when the wind is weak, thereby smoothing out fluctuations in wind power and enabling more efficient grid integration.
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